During WWII, thousands of merchant ships organized into huge convoys that sailed from the United Kingdom, Iceland, and North America to the Arctic ports of Murmansk and Archangelsk. The ships deliver millions of tons of food, fuel, ammunition, airplanes, and armor desperately needed by the Soviet Union. Eighty-five merchant vessels and sixteen warships were lost, and hundreds of seamen perished in the icy waters of the Northern Atlantic when the ships were attacked by Nazi submarines and air forces. The bravery of the sailors demonstrated the Allies' commitment to helping the people of Russia in their epic struggle against Nazi Germany.
On their way to Russia, the ships manned by civilian merchant sailors were under constant attack. First by submarines hunting for prey along the East Coast of the United States, then entering the Northern Atlantic and the Barents Sea, falling pray to Luftwaffe dive bombers and torpedo planes. The subzero weather, hurricane straight winds, and waves as high as 70 feet sailing on a ship, making what became known as Murmansk Run, was a true test of a semen’s courage and skills. If a ship was hit by a bomb or a torpedo, or if a sailor fell overboard, he was as good as lost.
When the British destroyer HMS Matabele was torpedoed and sunk, a rescue ship arrived almost immediately but was able to save only two survivors out of a crew of over 200. All others were frozen to death within minutes.
As it often happens with old documents and items, over the years the paper yellowed, became dry and brittle, tears developed along the fold lines, and parts of the pages fell off. When the sun of the sailor embarked on writing a book about his father’s heroic service, it became necessary to restore the newspaper and assure that the original would not continue to deteriorate into oblivion.
After all the work was done, the original newspaper was placed in an archival folio to protect it from exposure to dust, chemicals, and UV light. The digitally restored copy was printed on archival paper, and the high-resolution digital images produced were used as illustrations and cover images.